R for Data Science
How to Calculate Ratios in R? The following two techniques can be used in R to determine the ratio of values in two columns. The following data frame, which displays the total number of shots taken and attempted by different basketball players, is used to demonstrate how each strategy should be used in practice. Two-Way ANOVA…
How to do Pairwise Comparisons in R, To evaluate if there is a statistically significant difference between the means of three or more independent groups, a one-way ANOVA is utilized. The following null and alternate hypotheses are used in a one-way ANOVA. H0: All group means are equal. HA: Not all group means are equal….
How to put margins on tables or arrays in R?, I’ll show you how to use the addmargins function in the R programming language to add margins to tables or arrays in this post. Algorithm Classifications in Machine Learning – Data Science Tutorials The addmargins function will be used in the tutorial’s two examples to…
How to compare the performance of different algorithms in R?, Installing and loading the microbenchmark package into R is the first step. In addition, the ggplot2 package is used for visualization. install.packages(“microbenchmark”) library(“microbenchmark”) install.packages(“ggplot2”) library(“ggplot2”) Example 1: Microbenchmark Options We wish to examine the effectiveness of various methods for calculating the sum of a vector’s…
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Add Significance Level and Stars to Plot in R, In this article, I’ll show you how to use the R programming language’s ggsignif package to annotate a ggplot2 plot with significance levels. Boxplot with Stars for Significance The R programming language’s box-and-whisker plot with significance levels is demonstrated in the following R code. To do…
ggpairs in R, A function called ggpairs, which is the ggplot2 equivalent of the pairs function in base R, is offered by the GGally. Both continuous and categorical variables can be passed in a data frame. By default, the upper panel will display the relationship between the continuous variables, the lower panel will display their…
How to use the image function in R, When displaying spatial data (pictures), the image function can be used to generate a grid of coloured rectangles based on the values of the z matrix. The grid on which the values of z are measured can be specified using the variables x and y. ggdogs on ggplot2…
How to create a hexbin chart in R, The hexbin package in base R provides a function with the same name that creates a plottable hexbin object, which can be used to make a hexbin chart. # install.packages(“hexbin”) library(hexbin) # Data set.seed(123) x <- rnorm(5000) y <- rnorm(5000) hex <- hexbin(x, y) plot(hex) How to…
The pheatmap function in R, the pheatmap function gives you more control over the final plot than the standard base R heatmap does. A numerical matrix holding the values to be plotted can be passed. How to create Anatogram plot in R – Data Science Tutorials # install.packages(“pheatmap”) library(pheatmap) # Data set.seed(123) m <- matrix(rnorm(200), 10, 10)…
How to create a heatmap in R, you must convert a numerical matrix into a data frame that ggplot2 can interpret. Use the melt function from the reshape package for that. How to make a rounded corner bar plot in R? – Data Science Tutorials library(reshape) set.seed(123) m <- matrix(round(rnorm(200), 2), 10, 10) colnames(m) <-…
