For Data Science Learners
R for Data Science
Calculate the p-Value from Z-Score in R, In statistics, we frequently want to know the p-value associated with a specific z-score obtained from a hypothesis test. We can reject the null hypothesis of our hypothesis test if this p-value is less than a certain level of significance. How to create contingency tables in R? –…
One sample proportion test in R, when there are just two categories, the one proportion Z-test is used to compare an observed proportion to a theoretical one. This article explains the fundamentals of the one-proportion z-test and gives examples using R software. For example, we have a population that is half male and half female…
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How to add labels at the end of each line in ggplot2?, Using the ggplot2 R library, this article shows how to display the last value of each line as a label. Using either the ggrepel text labeling or the ggplot2 secondary axis functions, many methods are shown. Test for Normal Distribution in R-Quick Guide…
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Error in sum(List) : invalid ‘type’ (list) of argument, You’ll learn how to fix the “Error in FUN: invalid ‘type’ (list) of argument” in this R lesson. Example Data Creation The following list will serve as the foundation for this R tutorial. Checking Missing Values in R – Data Science Tutorials List <- list(1:10, 15,…
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Sorting in r, The methods sort(), order(), and rank() in R are used to sort data in this article (). Sorting in r The tutorial uses six examples to demonstrate how to use the various sorting functions in the R programming language. Example 1: sort vs. order vs. rank (Basic Application) Let’s start by making…
Subsetting with multiple conditions in R, The filter() method in the dplyr package can be used to filter with many conditions in R. With an example, let’s look at how to apply a filter with several conditions in R. Let’s start by making the data frame. df<-data.frame(Code = c(‘A’,’B’, ‘C’,’D’,’E’,’F’,’G’), Score1=c(44,46,62,69,85,77,68), score2=c(35,78,45,89,67,49,70), …
How to draw heatmap in r?, A heatmap is essentially a table with colors replacing the numbers. The colors represent the measuring level. It can help you locate highs and lows, as well as patterns. In this article, We’ll show you how to create a clustered heatmap with the R programming language’s pheatmap package. Let’s…
In this article, you’ll learn how to change the colors of ggplot2 visuals in the R programming language by utilizing different themes. Let’s start by making some sample data in R. set.seed(123) df <- data.frame(x = rnorm(100), y = rnorm(100), group = paste0(“group_”, LETTERS[1:5])) head(df) x y group 1 0.7842588 -0.3663221 group_A 2 …
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Rounded corner bar plot in R, we’ll show you how to use the ggchicklet package in the R programming language to make a ggplot2 bar chart with rounded bars. The ggchicklet Package: An Overview Bob Rudis’ ggchicklet package includes utilities for creating rounded rectangle segmented column charts (often known as “chicklets”). Let’s dive into the…
How to perform the Kruskal-Wallis test in R, when there are more than two groups, the Kruskal-Wallis test by rank is a non-parametric alternative to the one-way ANOVA test. It extends the two-samples Wilcoxon test. When the assumptions of the one-way ANOVA test are not met, this method is advised. This article will show you…
